{"id":4690,"date":"2023-04-06T17:41:29","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T17:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lampforum.org\/2023\/04\/06\/econofact-automation-or-immigrant-labor-responding-to-labor-scarcity\/"},"modified":"2024-07-15T12:11:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T12:11:36","slug":"econofact-automation-or-immigrant-labor-responding-to-labor-scarcity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lampforum.org\/es\/2023\/04\/06\/econofact-automation-or-immigrant-labor-responding-to-labor-scarcity\/","title":{"rendered":"EconoFact: \u00bfAutomatizaci\u00f3n o mano de obra (inmigrante)? Respondiendo a la escasez de mano de obra"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Presentado en el podcast de EconoFact, el Director de Investigaci\u00f3n de LaMP, Lant Pritchett, habl\u00f3 con el presentador Michael Klein sobre el sentido econ\u00f3mico de permitir que los trabajadores extranjeros de pa\u00edses con abundante mano de obra ocupen vacantes de empleo en otros pa\u00edses, al tiempo que aborda las preocupaciones pol\u00edticas y sociales sobre la expansi\u00f3n de la movilidad laboral. El siguiente es un extracto de la transcripci\u00f3n del podcast publicado por EconoFact el 26 de marzo de 2023 aqu\u00ed<\/a>. <\/em><\/p>\n

Michael Klein <\/strong><\/p>\n

Volviendo al tema de la tecnolog\u00eda y la escasez de mano de obra, usted habla en su art\u00edculo de Foreign Affairs de un ejemplo de camiones aut\u00f3nomos como un ejemplo de una especie de respuesta extra\u00f1a a la ausencia de conductores de camiones. \u00bfPuedes hablar un poco sobre eso?<\/p>\n

Lant Pritchett <\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00ed, es solo una gran ilustraci\u00f3n de d\u00f3nde los recursos m\u00e1s escasos del planeta, que son el conocimiento cient\u00edfico y tecnol\u00f3gico de alto nivel y el esp\u00edritu empresarial, est\u00e1n economizando en algo que es abundante a nivel mundial. El n\u00famero de personas en el mundo que conducir\u00edan camiones en Estados Unidos si se les permitiera legalmente es enorme. Pero, como no se les permite, los Elon Musks y Jeff Bezos y Larry y Sergey de Google est\u00e1n trabajando en el desarrollo de tecnolog\u00eda de conducci\u00f3n aut\u00f3noma, pero se ven obligados a eso por la falta de mano de obra disponible. Este no es un impulso tecnol\u00f3gico natural. No hay nada intr\u00ednsecamente sucediendo en la tecnolog\u00eda que conduzca a esto. Esta es la respuesta a su incapacidad para satisfacer su demanda de trabajadores, pero no hay una escasez global de trabajadores o conductores de camiones. Es una escasez creada artificialmente por la falta de, nuevamente, mecanismos legales para que las personas se muden de otros pa\u00edses y conduzcan camiones en Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

Michael Klein <\/strong><\/p>\n

As\u00ed que eso habla de la ventaja en Estados Unidos de permitir que la gente entre. \u00bfQu\u00e9 pasa con la ventaja para los potenciales conductores de camiones estadounidenses que viven en el extranjero? Ellos tambi\u00e9n se beneficiar\u00edan, \u00bfcorrecto?<\/p>\n

Lant Pritchett <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ah, y como dijiste en la introducci\u00f3n, soy economista del desarrollo. He trabajado la mayor parte de mi carrera en c\u00f3mo podemos mejorar la situaci\u00f3n de las personas, y c\u00f3mo podemos aumentar su productividad, y la diferencia salarial entre los conductores de camiones en la mayor parte del mundo y la de los Estados Unidos es de al menos cuatro a uno. Y la raz\u00f3n por la que es de cuatro a uno es que la conducci\u00f3n de camiones es solo una actividad productora de valor m\u00e1s productiva en un pa\u00eds rico y altamente productivo que en un pa\u00eds pobre. Por lo tanto, el solo hecho de permitir que estos trabajadores se muevan, les crea ganancias que son enormes en relaci\u00f3n con cualquier otra cosa en la agenda de desarrollo. No hay ning\u00fan proyecto o programa de desarrollo que pueda aumentar los salarios de las personas en un factor de cuatro, pero permitirles pasar de un lugar de baja productividad a un lugar de alta productividad lo hace instant\u00e1neamente.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"project_category":[],"project_type":[],"resource_type":[200],"other_resource":[162],"region":[163],"sector":[],"country":[],"stakeholder":[149,147],"poster":[],"class_list":["post-4690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","resource_type-episodio-de-podcast","other_resource-otro","region-americas-es","stakeholder-businesses-es","stakeholder-workers-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEconoFact: \u00bfAutomatizaci\u00f3n o mano de obra (inmigrante)? 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