{"id":4411,"date":"2022-10-10T20:48:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T20:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lampforum.org\/?p=4411"},"modified":"2023-08-01T17:39:11","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T17:39:11","slug":"economia-de-las-diferencias-salariales-internacionales-y-la-migracion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lampforum.org\/es\/2022\/10\/10\/economia-de-las-diferencias-salariales-internacionales-y-la-migracion\/","title":{"rendered":"Econom\u00eda de las diferencias salariales internacionales y la migraci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Publicaci\u00f3n original: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance<\/a><\/p>\n

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La pregunta clave para la econom\u00eda de la migraci\u00f3n internacional es si las diferencias salariales reales observadas entre pa\u00edses para trabajadores con id\u00e9ntica productividad intr\u00ednseca representan una ineficiencia econ\u00f3mica sostenida por barreras legales a la movilidad laboral entre geograf\u00edas. Una simple comparaci\u00f3n de los salarios reales de los trabajadores con el mismo nivel de escolaridad formal o que realizan ocupaciones similares en todos los pa\u00edses muestra brechas masivas entre los pa\u00edses ricos y los m\u00e1s pobres. Estas brechas persisten despu\u00e9s de ajustar las caracter\u00edsticas observadas y no observadas del capital humano, lo que sugiere una “prima de lugar” o diferencias salariales espec\u00edficas del espacio que no se deben a la productividad intr\u00ednseca de los trabajadores, sino que se deben a una mala asignaci\u00f3n de la mano de obra. Si las brechas salariales no se deben a la productividad intr\u00ednseca de los trabajadores, entonces el incentivo para que los trabajadores se muden a pa\u00edses m\u00e1s ricos es alto. La idea de una prima de plaza est\u00e1 corroborada por la evidencia macroecon\u00f3mica. Los datos de las cuentas nacionales muestran grandes diferencias entre pa\u00edses de producci\u00f3n por trabajador, impulsadas por la divergencia de la productividad total de los factores. La falta de convergencia en la productividad total de los factores y los correspondientes diferenciales espaciales de productividad crean diferencias en el producto marginal de los factores y, por lo tanto, brechas persistentes en los salarios de los trabajadores de igual productividad. Estos diferenciales pueden igualarse con los flujos de factores; Sin embargo, su persistencia y gran magnitud en el caso del trabajo, sugieren que las barreras legales a la migraci\u00f3n que restringen los flujos laborales est\u00e1n de hecho limitando el rendimiento significativo del capital humano y dejando miles de millones en ganancias no realizadas para los trabajadores del mundo y la econom\u00eda global. Una relajaci\u00f3n de estas barreras generar\u00eda ganancias en el bienestar de los trabajadores que empeque\u00f1ecen los programas de reducci\u00f3n de la pobreza est\u00e1ndar de oro.<\/p>\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4267,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"project_category":[],"project_type":[136],"resource_type":[138],"other_resource":[],"region":[142],"sector":[],"country":[],"stakeholder":[149,148,147],"poster":[155,153],"class_list":["post-4411","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","project_type-thought-leadership-es","resource_type-report-es","region-global-es","stakeholder-businesses-es","stakeholder-governments-es","stakeholder-workers-es","poster-farah-hani-es","poster-lant-pritchett-es"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEconom\u00eda de las diferencias salariales 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